Muhammad Shah

Nasir-ud-Din Muhammad Shah / Nasir-ud-Din Muhammad Shah Irkhwaz / Abu Al-Fatah Nasir-ud-Din Roshan Akhtar Muhammad Shah (17 August – 26 April ), (محمد شاه) was the Mughal emperor in Delhi between and He was son of Khujista Akhtar, the fourth son of Bahadur Shah I. With the help of the Sayyid brothers, he ascended the throne at the young age of He later got rid of them with the help of Asaf Jah I – Syed Hussain Ali Khan was murdered at Fatehpur Sikri in and Syed Hassan Ali Khan Barha was fatally poisoned in

Muhammad Shah was a great patron of the arts, including musical, cultural and administrative developments. His pen-name was Sada Rangila ("ever joyous") and he is often referred to as "Muhammad Shah Rangeela.

Although he was a patron of the arts, Muhammad Shah's reign was marked by rapid and irreversible decline of the Mughal Empire. The Mughal Empire was already decaying, but the invasion by Nader Shah of Persia and the subsequent sacking of Delhi, the Mughal capital, greatly accelerated the pace. The course of events not only shocked and mortified the Mughals themselves, but also foreign invaders, including the British.

Nader Shah invaded north

Muhammad Shah | Nasir-ud-Din Muhammad Shah (Mughal Emperor)

Muhammad Shah (also Nasir-ud-din Muhammad Shah) sat on the throne of Mughal Emperor after the death of Rafi-ud-daulah, popularly known as Shah Jahan-II.

Muhammad Shah is known by various names such as &#;Roshan Akhtar&#;, &#;Sada Rangila&#;, etc.

Muhammad Shah was more capable than the preceding sovereigns. But he too lacked the real authority over the whole empire. His greatest apprehension was that the Sayyid Brothers might depose him also.

Fall of Sayyid brothers: Muhammad Shah therefore decided to get rid of the clutches of Sayyid brothers. Chhabila Ram Nagar, the Governor of Allahabad, Jay Singh, the Raja of Amber, Nizam-ul-Mulk the governor of Malwa and Muhammad Amin Khan, the second Bakhshi were hostile to the Sayyids. Muhammad Shah tried to win over Nizam-ul-Mulk to his side. With a view to reduce the power of Husain Ali, Nizam-ul-Mulk attacked Khandesh and after capturing Asirgarh, proceeded towards the south. Husain Ali’s nephew was defeated and killed in a battle with Nizam-ul-Mulk. On hearing this, Husain Ali, accompanied by the Emperor marched against Nizam-ul-Mulk but he was murdered on the way. Ra

Nasir-ud-din Mahmud, a grandson of Iltutmish, was one of the sultans of the Slave Dynasty. He was placed on the throne of Delhi Sultanate by the nobles in after the incompetent reigns of his predecessors Muiz-ud-din Bahram () and Ala-ud-din Masud Shah ().

Nasir-ud-din Mahmud was only sixteen when he ascended the throne. During his twenty year rule, he remained content in surrendering the power of the state to Balban, one of his Turkish minister.

In , Nasir-ud-din Mahmud married the daughter of Balban. This increased the power of Balban who was made his deputy (naib-i-mamalakat) and given the title of Ulugh Khan (premier &#;Khan&#;).

Balban, de facto ruler of Delhi, managed the affairs of the sate competently. Internal rebellions were suppressed. Mongol invasions were successfully repulsed. This aroused the jealousy of the other nobles. This led to his exile from to But as they created a mess of the administration, he was once again recalled by the Sultan. 
 

Nothing can be said with certainty about the last years of Nasir-ud-din Mahmud who died on in If the accounts of the fourteenth century historian Isami and African traveler Ibn Batutah are to be believed, the S

Naser Al-Din Shah Qajar - Biography

Biography

He was in Tabriz when he heard of his father's death in , and he ascended to the Peacock Throne with the help of Amir Kabir.

Naser al-Din had early reformist tendencies, but was dictatorial in his style of government. With his sanction, some Babis were killed after an attempt on his life. This treatment continued under his Prime Minister Amir Kabir, who even ordered the execution of The Báb – regarded as a Manifestation of God to Bábí's and Bahá'ís, and to historians as the founder of the Bábí religion.

Unable to regain territory lost to Russia in the early 19th century, Nāṣer al-Dīn sought compensation by seizing Herāt, Afghanistan, in Great Britain regarded the move as a threat to British India and declared war on Iran, forcing the return of Herāt as well as Iranian recognition of the kingdom of Afghanistan.

He was the first modern Iranian monarch to visit Europe in and then again in (when he saw a Royal Navy Fleet Review), and finally in and was reportedly amazed with the technology he saw there. During his visit to the United Kingdom in , Naser al-Din Shah was appointed by Queen Victoria a Knight of the Order of the Garter


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